Reservoirs with the relative amount of at least 5 to 10 grams of condensate per cubic meter are. Kleinsteiber has over 24 years of petroleum engineering experience and has authored or coauthored papers dealing with production decline type curve analysis, co2 flooding, and depletion of a rich gas condensate reservoir by. Applied petroleum reservoir engineering 3rd edition. A commercial simulator was then used to carry out numerical reservoir simulation of fluid flow in the north field. In all cases their compositions depend upon their source, history, and present thermodynamic conditions. Fundamentals of applied reservoir engineering 1st edition. Condensate blockage might play an important role in reduction of the well deliverability of a gas condensate reservoir. Factors involved in liquid recovery are fluid phase behavior retrograde condensation and. Reservoir simulation models are commonly used to predict the performance of retrograde gascondensate reservoirs. Several examples of severe productivity decline are available in the literature. A case study of a leangas condensate reservoir, similar to the arun field, was considered and a history match with the production data was performed. Gas production from gas condensate reservoirs using.
Fundamentals of gas reservoir engineering, volume 23 1st edition. Gascondensate reservoirs differ from drygas reservoirs. Understanding gascondensate reservoirs semantic scholar. This book helps students understand and recognize these differences to enable.
Covers are moderately shelfworn with small handlingcreases. The literature shows many differences between gas condensate reservoirs and dry gas reservoirsi6. Condensate blockage study in gas condensate reservoir. The endpapers and all text pages are clean and unmarked.
Hydrocarbon production from a gas condensate reservoir has a major. In other words, one would expect that gascondensate reservoirs could be treated by a formation volume factor approach with fluid properties determined from laboratory. Phase behavior is relevant to every aspect of petroleum and natural gas engineering. Nitrogen injection, condensate reservoirs, alternatives to lean dry gas, gas reservoirs, nitrogen economics. Volatile reservoir and condensate gas reservoir technology li lian jiang on. One question often asked is during and after sampling. At early stages of reservoir production period, the corresponding fluid in gas condensate reservoirs is a singlephase gas. Volatile reservoir and condensate gas reservoir technology. Reservoir engineers have been concerned about the impact of condensate blocking on productivity for many years. Condensate blockage study in gas condensate reservoir article in journal of natural gas science and engineering 33. In applied petroleum reservoir engineering, third edition, renowned expert ronald e. Gas condensate fields is a single subsurface accumulation of gaseous hydrocarbons including gasoline and kerosene vapors and, less frequently, components with a higher molecular weight.
The term wet gas is sometimes used as more or less equivalent to gas condensate. It is possible to obtain a sample of the gasconden sate mixture as it exists in the reservoir by lowering a special container down into a well. Often times, it is safe to assume that reservoir fluid behavior is only a function of pressure and independent of composition. Jasmine, a gascondensate reservoir, is located 240km south east of the coast of aberdeen and is expected to start production at the end of 2012. Engineer your gascondensate systems, reservoir to sales meter shah kabir chevron energy technology company spe 95531, 95528, 89753, 89754, 100384.
Summary this paper presents a generalized equation of state eos that represents several widely used cubic eoss. The percentage of the condensate and liquefiable hydrocarbons ultimately recovered from the reservoir, therefore, is equivalent to the percen tage of the gas recovered, usually 80 to 90 per cent. This case study investigated the effects of formation reservoir properties, aquifer influx, and production scheme on ultimate recovery and production behaviors of a gascondensate sandstone reservoir sand20 offshore vietnam. Utilization of natureinspired algorithms for gas condensate reservoir. The combination of fluid thermodynamics and rock physics that results in condensate dropout and condensate blockage is discussed. Sand20, the target reservoir of this study, is a relatively homogeneous and isotropic sandstone reservoir with thickness of approximately 100 ft and horizontal permeability on the order of 800 md. Retrograde condensate reservoirs produce gas to liquid ratios of about 3150 mcfstb mccain, 1990, or condensate surface yields which range from 7 to 333 stbmmcf. Production testing a gas condensate with low condensate formation in the reservoir when the bottomhole pressure is reduced below the dewpoint pressure. This book presents concepts and applications of reservoir. Compositional modeling of gascondensate reservoirs. It is essential to take account of this condensate blockage effect when calculating well productivity.
Prediction of liquid recovery from a gas condensate reservoir. Simulation results are presented which clearly show that accurate prediction of pi based on laboratory measurements is possible using both nondarcy and capillary number effects. Pdf gas condensate reservoir engineering researchgate. In case of isothermal reduction of the formation pressure, part of them condenses in the form of gas condensate. What is the difference between a wet gas and a condensate.
Although much oilwell technology applies to gas wells, many differences exist. Gas condensate reservoir petroleum reservoir gases. Petroleum reservoirs engineering third stage assist prof. A simulator is a program used to perform material balance calculations to determine pressure and saturation distribution of the reservoir as a function of time. Gas condensate reservoirs are the categories of hydrocarbon reservoirs. Given that modern reservoir engineering is largely centered on numerical computer simulation and that reservoir engineers in the industry will likely spend much of their professional career building and running such. Management of injected nitrogen into a gas condensate reservoir. Spe, iniercomp resource development ana engineering, inc. The phase diagram shows the retrograde gas field must have a temperature higher than the critical point temperature.
Stanley kleinsteiber is a senior petroleum engineer with mha petroleum consultants inc. Gas condensate field produce mostly gas, with some liquid dropout, frequently occurring in the separator. Wet gas, condensate and natural gas liquids are all synonyms. Evaluation of gas condensate reservoir behavior using. The gascondensate content in gases of various deposits ranges from 12 to 700 cm3 per 1 m3 of gas. The condensate produced adds economic value in addition to gas produced, therefore making the condensate recovery a key consideration in the development of gascondensate. A case study of gascondensate reservoir performance under. Lean gas condensateleanlean gas condensate gas condensate rich gas condensaterichrich gas condensate gas condensate 0 0. On sep 10, 2015, ali vatani and others published gas condensate reservoir engineering find. Gascondensate reservoir article about gascondensate.
Understanding the behaviors of gas condensate reservoirs. Spe member price usd 80 gas reservoir engineering provides the undergraduate as well as the graduate student with an introduction to fundamental problem solving in gas reservoir engineering through practical equations and methods. Condensate dropout occurs in the reservoir as the pressure. The first step of the study involved gathering north field reservoir data from previously published papers. The book begins with an introduction to key terms and an introduction to the history of reservoir engineering. Fundamentals of gas reservoir engineering, volume 23 1st. It is difficult for condensate blockage to be detected by any method other than finescale simulation. This book will be stored and delivered in a sturdy cardboard box with foam padding. Approximately 60 well tests have been performed in the gas condensate sections within santa barbara field, and the analysis and interpretation of.
Gas reservoir management training course petroskills grm. Calculating well deliverability in gas condensate reservoirs. It is reasonable to assume, therefore, that reservoir fluids on the other side of the critical point e. Novel technique to eliminate gas condensation in gas. Fundamentals of applied reservoir engineering introduces early career reservoir engineers and those in other oil and gas disciplines to the fundamentals of reservoir engineering. The vertical line on the phase diagram shows the phase changes in.
The material balance approach to reservoir engineering is covered in detail and. At exxon, several fields have been identified in which productivity loss below the dew point has significantly reduced gas recovery by pressure depletion. Reservoir that yield natural gas can be classified into essential four categories, these are. Hydrocarbon liquid dissolved in saturated natural gas that comes out of solution when the pressure drops below the dewpoint. At discovery, these reservoirs are often in single phase. Much of the pressure drop from condensate blockage occurs within a few feet of the wellbore, where flow rates and capillary numbers are very high.
Understanding of phase and fluid flow behavior relationships is essential if we want to make accurate engineering computations for gascondensate systems e. For the purposes of this book, natural gas and those products that are. Condensate reservoirs are inherently more difficult to characterize correctly. The liquid is sometimes called by an older name distillate, and sometimes simply oil. Purchase fundamentals of gas reservoir engineering, volume 23 1st edition. The only liquid associated with the gas from a dry gas reservoir is water. To access the remainder of through the looking glass. Understanding gascondensate reservoirs request pdf. Ngl vs lng vs lpg vs natural gas vs condensate natural gas liquids natural gas liquids ngls vs lpg vs lng talk about alphabet soup ngl vs lng vs l.
A phase diagram is illustrated in the next picture. Figure 1 provides a fairly typical gor versus total flow rate response from a gas condensate reservoir. Under natural conditions, a gas condensate is a solution of heavier hydrocarbons. According to the complexity of the reservoir fluid phase behavior, reservoir modeling is classified under two distinct groups. Simulation of gas condensate reservoir performance keith h. This video is considered as an educational video used for nonprofitable purpose for all petroleum and nonpetroleum students in bue the british university. It might happen in a lean gas condensate reservoir. The reservoir units in santa barbara field present substantial structural and fluid complexity, which, in turn, presents broad challenges for assessment and optimization of well performance behavior. Optimum production strategy was then formulated to maximize the hydrocarbon recovery while reducing the water treatment cost.
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